How should a responder react to a patient exhibiting frostbite?

When a responder is faced with a patient exhibiting frostbite, it is crucial to manage the injury carefully to prevent further tissue damage. Covering the affected area with a dry and sterile dressing helps protect the injury from infection and keeps it clean. This method also provides insulation against further cold exposure, which is essential in promoting healing.

The dry and sterile dressing can help retain heat generated by the body to gradually warm the tissue without causing additional harm, which can occur with more aggressive rewarming methods. This approach also minimizes the risk of re-freezing if exposed to cold air or direct contact with other surfaces.

In contrast, rubbing the affected area may damage sensitive skin and tissue, potentially exacerbating the injury. Immersing the affected area in hot water poses a risk of burns, as the tissues can be extremely sensitive and prone to thermal injury when rewarming from frostbite. Leaving the area exposed can lead to further frostbite or other complications, as it does not protect the tissue and can increase the risk of infection.