What term describes the gradual damage to the endothelium that is often referred to as the "silent killer"?

The term that describes the gradual damage to the endothelium, often referred to as the "silent killer," is hypertension. This condition is characterized by elevated blood pressure, which imposes extra force against the artery walls. Over time, this can lead to microscopic damage to the endothelium, the inner lining of the blood vessels. This damage can result in a cascade of detrimental effects, including the development of atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits and plaque accumulate in the arteries, leading to further cardiovascular complications.

While coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke are significant health issues related to cardiovascular health, they are often consequences or manifestations of underlying conditions such as hypertension. Hypertension itself can occur without noticeable symptoms, which is why it is often called the "silent killer." It frequently goes undetected until serious complications, such as heart attacks or strokes, arise, highlighting the importance of screening and management of blood pressure in preventing long-term vascular damage.