What term refers to the collapse of the alveoli hindering gas exchange?

Atelectasis refers to the collapse of the alveoli in the lungs, which significantly hampers the process of gas exchange. In healthy lungs, alveoli are filled with air and help facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. However, when alveoli become collapsed, gas exchange is obstructed, leading to a reduction in the amount of oxygen entering the bloodstream and an accumulation of carbon dioxide. This condition can arise from various factors, such as obstruction of airways, presence of fluid in the lung, or prolonged inactivity that prevents deep breathing.

In contrast, hypercapnia refers to an elevated level of carbon dioxide in the blood, hypoxemia denotes low levels of oxygen in the bloodstream, and bronchoconstriction involves the narrowing of the airways, which can restrict airflow but is distinct from the actual collapse of alveoli. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for recognizing how different respiratory conditions affect gas exchange and patient care.